Reducing mosquito populations through nectar control
Mosquitoes pose a significant public health challenge as vectors of diseases such as Zika, malaria and West Nile virus. At the same time, they contribute to ecosystems as pollinators and as a food source for various species. In urban and suburban environments, managing mosquito populations is crucial for reducing disease transmission while minimizing ecological disruption. A research project at Virginia Tech is targeting mosquito sugar feeding to create new tools for population control and explore an innovative approach to mosquito management by studying how modifying nectar availability can help reduce mosquito populations. This research responds to the increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly mosquito control methods.
The research team identified over 25 plant species in Virginia’s urban and forested areas that serve as key nectar sources for mosquitoes. Through baited traps and plant gene barcoding, the project has developed a detailed understanding of mosquito sugar-feeding behaviors. By targeting these food sources, the team is designing effective, nontoxic control strategies, including attractive toxic sugar baits aimed at invasive mosquito species such as Aedes japonicus. This approach has shown promise in decreasing mosquito activity, shortening lifespans and reducing egg-laying, all of which contribute to long-term population control.
The findings from this research hold implications beyond Virginia. Similar methods could be adapted to assess and manage mosquito populations in other regions, with strategies tailored to local mosquito species and vegetation. By focusing on nectar control, communities can implement targeted, environmentally responsible approaches to mosquito management, reducing reliance on traditional pesticide applications. This work not only enhances public health efforts but also contributes to ecological balance by preserving beneficial pollinators and supporting biodiversity. The research presents a scalable model for sustainable mosquito control that can benefit urban and rural communities across the country.
View the full statement on the NIDB.
Project supported by Hatch funds.
